ESPA\u00d1OL DURIO<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian<\/p>\n\n\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free\nencyclopedia<\/p>\n\n\n\nJump to navigation<\/a>Jump to search<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Durian<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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For other uses, see <\/em>Durian\n(disambiguation)<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe durian<\/strong> (\/\u02c8dj\u028a\u0259ri\u0259n, \u02c8d\u028ar-, -\u00e6n\/<\/a>)[2]<\/sup><\/a> is\nthe fruit of several tree species<\/a> belonging\nto the genus<\/a> Durio<\/em>.\nThere are 30 recognised Durio<\/em> species, at least nine of which\nproduce edible fruit, with over 100 named varieties in Indonesia,[3]<\/sup><\/a> 300\nin Thailand and 100 in Malaysia.[4]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a> is the only species\navailable in the international market: other species are sold in their local\nregions. It is native to Borneo<\/a>and Sumatra<\/a>.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nNamed\nin some regions as the “king of fruits”,[5]<\/sup><\/a> the\ndurian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour<\/a>,\nand thorn<\/a>-covered rind<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15\ncentimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to\nthree kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round,\nthe colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red,\ndepending on the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSome\npeople regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance, whereas others\nfind the aroma overpowering with an unpleasant odour. The smell evokes\nreactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described\nvariously as rotten onions, turpentine<\/a>,\nand raw sewage. The persistence of its odour, which may linger for several\ndays, has led to the fruit’s banishment from certain hotels and public\ntransportation in southeast Asia. By contrast, the nineteenth-century\nBritish naturalist<\/a>Alfred Russel Wallace<\/a> described\nits flesh as “a rich custard<\/a> highly\nflavoured with almonds<\/a>“. The flesh\ncan be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide\nvariety of savoury and sweet desserts in southeast\nAsian cuisines<\/a>. The seeds can also be eaten\nwhen cooked.<\/p>\n\n\n\nContents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n1Etymology<\/a><\/li>2Taxonomy<\/a><\/li>3Description<\/a>3.1Cultivars<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>4Cultivation and availability<\/a><\/li>5Flavour and odour<\/a>5.1Ripeness and selection<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>6Uses<\/a>6.1Culinary<\/a><\/li><\/ul>6.2Nutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>7History<\/a><\/li>8Culture and folk medicine<\/a>8.1Cultural influences<\/a><\/li><\/ul>8.2Folk medicine<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>9Environmental impact<\/a><\/li>10See also<\/a><\/li>11Notes<\/a><\/li>12References<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nEtymology[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFirst\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
The durian<\/strong> (\/\u02c8dj\u028a\u0259ri\u0259n, \u02c8d\u028ar-, -\u00e6n\/<\/a>)[2]<\/sup><\/a> is\nthe fruit of several tree species<\/a> belonging\nto the genus<\/a> Durio<\/em>.\nThere are 30 recognised Durio<\/em> species, at least nine of which\nproduce edible fruit, with over 100 named varieties in Indonesia,[3]<\/sup><\/a> 300\nin Thailand and 100 in Malaysia.[4]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a> is the only species\navailable in the international market: other species are sold in their local\nregions. It is native to Borneo<\/a>and Sumatra<\/a>.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nNamed\nin some regions as the “king of fruits”,[5]<\/sup><\/a> the\ndurian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour<\/a>,\nand thorn<\/a>-covered rind<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15\ncentimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to\nthree kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round,\nthe colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red,\ndepending on the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSome\npeople regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance, whereas others\nfind the aroma overpowering with an unpleasant odour. The smell evokes\nreactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described\nvariously as rotten onions, turpentine<\/a>,\nand raw sewage. The persistence of its odour, which may linger for several\ndays, has led to the fruit’s banishment from certain hotels and public\ntransportation in southeast Asia. By contrast, the nineteenth-century\nBritish naturalist<\/a>Alfred Russel Wallace<\/a> described\nits flesh as “a rich custard<\/a> highly\nflavoured with almonds<\/a>“. The flesh\ncan be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide\nvariety of savoury and sweet desserts in southeast\nAsian cuisines<\/a>. The seeds can also be eaten\nwhen cooked.<\/p>\n\n\n\nContents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n1Etymology<\/a><\/li>2Taxonomy<\/a><\/li>3Description<\/a>3.1Cultivars<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>4Cultivation and availability<\/a><\/li>5Flavour and odour<\/a>5.1Ripeness and selection<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>6Uses<\/a>6.1Culinary<\/a><\/li><\/ul>6.2Nutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>7History<\/a><\/li>8Culture and folk medicine<\/a>8.1Cultural influences<\/a><\/li><\/ul>8.2Folk medicine<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>9Environmental impact<\/a><\/li>10See also<\/a><\/li>11Notes<\/a><\/li>12References<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nEtymology[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFirst\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Named\nin some regions as the “king of fruits”,[5]<\/sup><\/a> the\ndurian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour<\/a>,\nand thorn<\/a>-covered rind<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15\ncentimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to\nthree kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round,\nthe colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red,\ndepending on the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSome\npeople regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance, whereas others\nfind the aroma overpowering with an unpleasant odour. The smell evokes\nreactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described\nvariously as rotten onions, turpentine<\/a>,\nand raw sewage. The persistence of its odour, which may linger for several\ndays, has led to the fruit’s banishment from certain hotels and public\ntransportation in southeast Asia. By contrast, the nineteenth-century\nBritish naturalist<\/a>Alfred Russel Wallace<\/a> described\nits flesh as “a rich custard<\/a> highly\nflavoured with almonds<\/a>“. The flesh\ncan be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide\nvariety of savoury and sweet desserts in southeast\nAsian cuisines<\/a>. The seeds can also be eaten\nwhen cooked.<\/p>\n\n\n\nContents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n1Etymology<\/a><\/li>2Taxonomy<\/a><\/li>3Description<\/a>3.1Cultivars<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>4Cultivation and availability<\/a><\/li>5Flavour and odour<\/a>5.1Ripeness and selection<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>6Uses<\/a>6.1Culinary<\/a><\/li><\/ul>6.2Nutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>7History<\/a><\/li>8Culture and folk medicine<\/a>8.1Cultural influences<\/a><\/li><\/ul>8.2Folk medicine<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>9Environmental impact<\/a><\/li>10See also<\/a><\/li>11Notes<\/a><\/li>12References<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nEtymology[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFirst\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Some\npeople regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance, whereas others\nfind the aroma overpowering with an unpleasant odour. The smell evokes\nreactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described\nvariously as rotten onions, turpentine<\/a>,\nand raw sewage. The persistence of its odour, which may linger for several\ndays, has led to the fruit’s banishment from certain hotels and public\ntransportation in southeast Asia. By contrast, the nineteenth-century\nBritish naturalist<\/a>Alfred Russel Wallace<\/a> described\nits flesh as “a rich custard<\/a> highly\nflavoured with almonds<\/a>“. The flesh\ncan be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide\nvariety of savoury and sweet desserts in southeast\nAsian cuisines<\/a>. The seeds can also be eaten\nwhen cooked.<\/p>\n\n\n\nContents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n1Etymology<\/a><\/li>2Taxonomy<\/a><\/li>3Description<\/a>3.1Cultivars<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>4Cultivation and availability<\/a><\/li>5Flavour and odour<\/a>5.1Ripeness and selection<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>6Uses<\/a>6.1Culinary<\/a><\/li><\/ul>6.2Nutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>7History<\/a><\/li>8Culture and folk medicine<\/a>8.1Cultural influences<\/a><\/li><\/ul>8.2Folk medicine<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>9Environmental impact<\/a><\/li>10See also<\/a><\/li>11Notes<\/a><\/li>12References<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nEtymology[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFirst\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n1Etymology<\/a><\/li>2Taxonomy<\/a><\/li>3Description<\/a>3.1Cultivars<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>4Cultivation and availability<\/a><\/li>5Flavour and odour<\/a>5.1Ripeness and selection<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>6Uses<\/a>6.1Culinary<\/a><\/li><\/ul>6.2Nutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>7History<\/a><\/li>8Culture and folk medicine<\/a>8.1Cultural influences<\/a><\/li><\/ul>8.2Folk medicine<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>9Environmental impact<\/a><\/li>10See also<\/a><\/li>11Notes<\/a><\/li>12References<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nEtymology[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFirst\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Etymology[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFirst\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
First\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Taxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
For a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Durian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Durio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
The\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Durio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Description[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Juvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Durian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
D.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
Durian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.
![<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n <\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Scientific classification<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Kingdom:\n <\/td>\n Plantae<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Clade<\/em>:\n <\/td>\n Angiosperms<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Clade<\/em>:\n <\/td>\n Eudicots<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Clade<\/em>:\n <\/td>\n Rosids<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Order:\n <\/td>\n Malvales<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Family:\n <\/td>\n Malvaceae<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Subfamily:\n <\/td>\n Helicteroideae<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Tribe:\n <\/td>\n Durioneae<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Genus:\n <\/td>\n Durio<\/em><\/strong>\n L.<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Type species<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Durio zibethinus<\/em><\/a>\n L.\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Species<\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n There are\n currently 30 recognised species (see the List of Durio\n species<\/em><\/a>)\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Synonyms<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Lahia<\/em> Hassk.[1]<\/sup><\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\nFor other uses, see <\/em>Durian\n(disambiguation)<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe durian<\/strong> (\/\u02c8dj\u028a\u0259ri\u0259n, \u02c8d\u028ar-, -\u00e6n\/<\/a>)[2]<\/sup><\/a> is\nthe fruit of several tree species<\/a> belonging\nto the genus<\/a> Durio<\/em>.\nThere are 30 recognised Durio<\/em> species, at least nine of which\nproduce edible fruit, with over 100 named varieties in Indonesia,[3]<\/sup><\/a> 300\nin Thailand and 100 in Malaysia.[4]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a> is the only species\navailable in the international market: other species are sold in their local\nregions. It is native to Borneo<\/a>and Sumatra<\/a>.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nNamed\nin some regions as the “king of fruits”,[5]<\/sup><\/a> the\ndurian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour<\/a>,\nand thorn<\/a>-covered rind<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15\ncentimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to\nthree kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round,\nthe colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red,\ndepending on the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSome\npeople regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance, whereas others\nfind the aroma overpowering with an unpleasant odour. The smell evokes\nreactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described\nvariously as rotten onions, turpentine<\/a>,\nand raw sewage. The persistence of its odour, which may linger for several\ndays, has led to the fruit’s banishment from certain hotels and public\ntransportation in southeast Asia. By contrast, the nineteenth-century\nBritish naturalist<\/a>Alfred Russel Wallace<\/a> described\nits flesh as “a rich custard<\/a> highly\nflavoured with almonds<\/a>“. The flesh\ncan be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide\nvariety of savoury and sweet desserts in southeast\nAsian cuisines<\/a>. The seeds can also be eaten\nwhen cooked.<\/p>\n\n\n\nContents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n1Etymology<\/a><\/li>2Taxonomy<\/a><\/li>3Description<\/a>3.1Cultivars<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>4Cultivation and availability<\/a><\/li>5Flavour and odour<\/a>5.1Ripeness and selection<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>6Uses<\/a>6.1Culinary<\/a><\/li><\/ul>6.2Nutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>7History<\/a><\/li>8Culture and folk medicine<\/a>8.1Cultural influences<\/a><\/li><\/ul>8.2Folk medicine<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>9Environmental impact<\/a><\/li>10See also<\/a><\/li>11Notes<\/a><\/li>12References<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nEtymology[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFirst\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.](\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Durian.jpg\"){kind=link}
![<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Scientific classification<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Kingdom:\n <\/td>\n Plantae<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Clade<\/em>:\n <\/td>\n Angiosperms<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Clade<\/em>:\n <\/td>\n Eudicots<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Clade<\/em>:\n <\/td>\n Rosids<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Order:\n <\/td>\n Malvales<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Family:\n <\/td>\n Malvaceae<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Subfamily:\n <\/td>\n Helicteroideae<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Tribe:\n <\/td>\n Durioneae<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Genus:\n <\/td>\n Durio<\/em><\/strong>\n L.<\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Type species<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Durio zibethinus<\/em><\/a>\n L.\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Species<\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n There are\n currently 30 recognised species (see the List of Durio\n species<\/em><\/a>)\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Synonyms<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n Lahia<\/em> Hassk.[1]<\/sup><\/a>\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\nFor other uses, see <\/em>Durian\n(disambiguation)<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe durian<\/strong> (\/\u02c8dj\u028a\u0259ri\u0259n, \u02c8d\u028ar-, -\u00e6n\/<\/a>)[2]<\/sup><\/a> is\nthe fruit of several tree species<\/a> belonging\nto the genus<\/a> Durio<\/em>.\nThere are 30 recognised Durio<\/em> species, at least nine of which\nproduce edible fruit, with over 100 named varieties in Indonesia,[3]<\/sup><\/a> 300\nin Thailand and 100 in Malaysia.[4]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a> is the only species\navailable in the international market: other species are sold in their local\nregions. It is native to Borneo<\/a>and Sumatra<\/a>.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nNamed\nin some regions as the “king of fruits”,[5]<\/sup><\/a> the\ndurian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour<\/a>,\nand thorn<\/a>-covered rind<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow as large as 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15\ncentimetres (6 in) in diameter, and it typically weighs one to\nthree kilograms (2 to 7 lb). Its shape ranges from oblong to round,\nthe colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red,\ndepending on the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nSome\npeople regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance, whereas others\nfind the aroma overpowering with an unpleasant odour. The smell evokes\nreactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust, and has been described\nvariously as rotten onions, turpentine<\/a>,\nand raw sewage. The persistence of its odour, which may linger for several\ndays, has led to the fruit’s banishment from certain hotels and public\ntransportation in southeast Asia. By contrast, the nineteenth-century\nBritish naturalist<\/a>Alfred Russel Wallace<\/a> described\nits flesh as “a rich custard<\/a> highly\nflavoured with almonds<\/a>“. The flesh\ncan be consumed at various stages of ripeness, and it is used to flavour a wide\nvariety of savoury and sweet desserts in southeast\nAsian cuisines<\/a>. The seeds can also be eaten\nwhen cooked.<\/p>\n\n\n\nContents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n1Etymology<\/a><\/li>2Taxonomy<\/a><\/li>3Description<\/a>3.1Cultivars<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>4Cultivation and availability<\/a><\/li>5Flavour and odour<\/a>5.1Ripeness and selection<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>6Uses<\/a>6.1Culinary<\/a><\/li><\/ul>6.2Nutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>7History<\/a><\/li>8Culture and folk medicine<\/a>8.1Cultural influences<\/a><\/li><\/ul>8.2Folk medicine<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>9Environmental impact<\/a><\/li>10See also<\/a><\/li>11Notes<\/a><\/li>12References<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nEtymology[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFirst\nused around 1580, the name “durian” is derived from the Old Malay language<\/a> word d\u00fbri\u1e25<\/em> (meaning\n“thorn”),[6]<\/sup><\/a> a\nreference to the numerous prickly thorns of the rind, together with the\nnoun-building suffix -an<\/em>.[7]<\/sup><\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nTaxonomy[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\nFor a complete list of known species of Durio,\nsee <\/em>List of Durio species<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.](\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Durian_in_black.jpg\"){kind=link}
![<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are usually closed during the daytime<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio\nsensu lato<\/em> has 30 recognised species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\nsensu stricto<\/em> comprises 24 of these species. The 6 additional species\nincluded in Durio s.l.<\/em> are now considered by some to comprise\ntheir own genus, Boschia<\/em>.[10]<\/sup><\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/a> Durio\ns.s.<\/em> and Boschia<\/em> have indistinguishable vegetative\ncharacteristics and many shared floral characteristics. The crucial difference\nbetween the two is that anther locules<\/a> open\nby apical pores in Boschia<\/em> and by longitudinal slits in Durio\ns.s.<\/em>[12]<\/sup><\/a> These\ntwo genera form a clade<\/a> that is\nsister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae<\/a>, Cullenia<\/em><\/a>.\nThese three genera together form a clade that is characterised by highly\nmodified (mono- and polythecate, as opposed to bithecate) anthers.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe\ngenus Durio<\/em> is placed by some taxonomists in the family<\/a>Bombacaceae<\/a>,\nor by others in a broadly defined Malvaceae<\/a>that\nincludes Bombacaceae, and by others in a smaller family of just seven genera\nDurionaceae.[1]<\/sup><\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurio<\/em> is\noften included in Bombacaceae because of the presence of monothecate anthers,\nas opposed to the bithecate anthers common to the rest of the mallows<\/a> (and angiosperms<\/a>,\nin general). However, the first studies to examine mallow phylogeny using molecular\ndata found that the tribe<\/a> Durioneae<\/a> should\nbe placed in the subfamily<\/a> Helicteroideae\nof an expanded Malvaceae. The authors of these studies hypothesise that\nmonothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in\nthe Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. subfamilies Malvoideae<\/a> and Bombacoideae<\/a>).[15]<\/sup><\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDescription[edit<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.](\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Durian_flower.jpg\"){kind=link}
![<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nJuvenile\ndurian tree in Malaysia<\/a>. Mature specmens\ncan grow up to 50 metres (160 feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\ntrees are large, growing to 25\u201350 metres (82\u2013164 ft) in height depending\non the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a>The\nleaves are evergreen<\/a>, elliptic to\noblong and 10\u201318 centimetres (3.9\u20137.1 inches) long. The flowers are produced in\nthree to thirty clusters together on large branches and directly on the trunk\nwith each flower having a calyx (sepals<\/a>)\nand five (rarely four or six) petals<\/a>.\nDurian trees have one or two flowering and fruiting periods per year, although\nthe timing varies depending on the species, cultivars, and localities. A\ntypical durian tree can bear fruit after four or five years. The durian fruit\ncan hang from any branch, and matures roughly three months after pollination<\/a>.\nThe fruit can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 15 centimetres\n(6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to\n7 lb).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Its\nshape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and\nits flesh pale-yellow to red, depending on the species.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Among\nthe thirty known species of Durio<\/em>, nine of them have been\nidentified as producing edible fruits: D.\nzibethinus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ndulcis<\/em><\/a>, D. grandiflorus<\/em><\/a>, D.\ngraveolens<\/em><\/a>, D.\nkutejensis<\/em><\/a>, Durio lowianus<\/em><\/a>, D.\nmacrantha<\/em><\/a>, D.\noxleyanus<\/em><\/a> and D. testudinarius<\/em><\/a>.[17]<\/sup><\/a> There\nare many species for which the fruit has never been collected or properly\nexamined, however, so other species with edible fruit may exist.[9]<\/sup><\/a> The\ndurian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit<\/a>,\nan unrelated species.<\/p>\n\n\n\nD.\nzibethinus<\/em> is the only species commercially cultivated on a\nlarge scale and available outside of its native region. Since this species is\nopen-pollinated, it shows considerable diversity in fruit colour and odour,\nsize of flesh and seed, and tree phenology<\/a>.\nIn the species name, zibethinus<\/em> refers to the Indian civet<\/a>, Viverra\nzibetha<\/em><\/a>. There is disagreement over whether this name,\nbestowed by Linnaeus<\/a>, refers to civets\nbeing so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or\nto the durian smelling like the civet.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nDurian\nflowers are large and feathery with copious nectar<\/a>,\nand give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. These features are typical of\nflowers pollinated by certain species of bats<\/a> that\neat nectar and pollen<\/a>.](\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Durian_tree_in_malaysia.jpg\"){kind=link}